Ad-Dakka is a place in Lower
Nubia. The Greco-Roman Temple of Dakka,was dedicated to Thoth, the god of wisdom. It was initially built
as a small one-room shrine or chapel in the 3rd century BC by a
Meroitic king named Arqamani in collaboration with Ptolemy IV who added an
antechamber and a gate structure. Ptolemy IX, subsequently enlarged the temple
by adding a pronaos with two rows of probably three columns. During the Roman
period, the Emperors Augustus and Tiberius further enlarged the structure with
the addition, at the rear, of a second sanctuary as well as inner and outer
enclosure walls with a large pylon. The sanctuary contained a granite naos. The
Temple of Dakka was transformed into fortress by the Romans and they surrounded
it by a stone wall, and added an entrance facing the Nile.
Each of the pylon's towers
is decorated in high relief and bears graffiti made by visitors in ancient time, mostly in Greek but
some in Demotic and Meroitic script. Inside the gateway, the Meroitic king
Arqamani "is shown on the left sacrificing to Thoth, with Tefnut , Hathor
and Isis. There are reliefs of cows offered as gifts to the god Thoth carved
into the naos of the temple. While the temple of Dakka was architecturally
similar to the temple of Wadi El Sebou, it lacked a front courtyard of
sphinxes; however, its 12-metre-high pylon is in near perfect condition. During
the Christian period of Egypt, the pronaos was converted into a church, and
Christian paintings were still visible on its facade in the 20th century
before the temple was enveloped by the Nile floods.
The temple of Dakka collapsed in 1908–1909 and was subsequently rebuilt
by Alessandro Barsanti.