Egypt Monuments Highlights

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Temple Of Dakka : Greek Roman

Ad-Dakka is a place in Lower Nubia. The Greco-Roman Temple of Dakka,was dedicated to Thoth, the god of wisdom. It was initially built as a small one-room shrine or chapel in the 3rd century BC by a Meroitic king named Arqamani in collaboration with Ptolemy IV who added an antechamber and a gate structure. Ptolemy IX, subsequently enlarged the temple by adding a pronaos with two rows of probably three columns. During the Roman period, the Emperors Augustus and Tiberius further enlarged the structure with the addition, at the rear, of a second sanctuary as well as inner and outer enclosure walls with a large pylon. The sanctuary contained a granite naos. The Temple of Dakka was transformed into fortress by the Romans and they surrounded it by a stone wall, and added an entrance facing the Nile.

 

 Each of the pylon's towers is decorated in high relief and bears graffiti made by  visitors in ancient time, mostly in Greek but some in Demotic and Meroitic script. Inside the gateway, the Meroitic king Arqamani "is shown on the left sacrificing to Thoth, with Tefnut , Hathor and Isis. There are reliefs of cows offered as gifts to the god Thoth carved into the naos of the temple. While the temple of Dakka was architecturally similar to the temple of Wadi El Sebou, it lacked a front courtyard of sphinxes; however, its 12-metre-high pylon is in near perfect condition. During the Christian period of Egypt, the pronaos was converted into a church, and Christian paintings were still visible on its facade in the 20th century before the temple was enveloped by the Nile floods.

 

The temple of Dakka collapsed in 1908–1909 and was subsequently rebuilt by Alessandro Barsanti.

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